96年4月section 3
1.【正确答案】B
【中文释义】
据称，科学家们会避免作出欺骗性的实验结果的宣告，因为存在这种可能，当其他的研究者们不能复制他的实验结果时，他们就会被揭露出来。
【解题分析】 这一句的基本含义在No.8第三套section 1的第三题就有过重复，在92年的考卷中也重复了。科学家们replicate或是duplicate相互的实验结果就是为了检验结果的真伪，原句中的 be exposed显然是由cannot duplicate their findings所导致的。
【重点词条】
fraudulent characterized by, based on, or done by fraud: deceitful —— fraud.u.lent.ly adv —— fraud.u.lent.ness n
radical 1: of, relating to, or proceeding from a root: as a (1): of or growing from the root of a plant <~ tubers> (2): growing from the base of a stem, from a rootlike stem, or from a stem that does not rise above the ground <~ leaves> b: of, relating to, or constituting a linguistic root c: of or relating to a mathematical root d: designed to remove the root of a disease or all diseased tissue <~ surgery> 2: of or relating to the origin: fundamental 3 a: marked by a considerable departure from the usual or traditional: extreme b: tending or disposed to make extreme changes in existing views, habits, conditions, or institutions c: of, relating to, or constituting a political group associated with views, practices, and policies of extreme change d: advocating extreme measures to retain or restore a political state of affairs 4 slang: excellent, cool —— rad.i.cal.ness n 2radical n (1641) 1 a: a root part b: a basic principle: foundation 2 a: root 6 b: a sound or letter belonging to a radical 3: one who is radical 4: free radical; also: a group of atoms bonded together that is considered an entity in various kinds of reactions 5 a: a mathematical expression indicating a root by means of a radical sign b: radical sign
extravagant 1 a obs: strange, curious b archaic: wandering 2 a: exceeding the limits of reason or necessity <~ claims> b: lacking in moderation, balance, and restraint <~ praise> c: extremely or excessively elaborate 3 a: spending much more than necessary b: profuse, lavish 4: unreasonably high in price syn see excessive —— ex.trav.a.gant.ly adv
2.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】
通过户挨户地居住在一块未分开的土地上，核心家庭被包含在了一个更大的亲戚群当中，这就使得共同相处及与亲戚处理好关系的压力非常强大。
【解题分析】 第二个空格处于and的小连接当中，and之后表示与别人共处，所以and前同样应有这方面的含义。五个选项中能表示出与别人处好关系的词只有一个答案C。
【重点词条】
shave 1 a: to remove a thin layer from b: to cut off in thin layers or shreds: slice c: to cut off closely 2 a: to sever the hair from (the head or another part of the body) close to the roots b: to cut off (hair or beard) close to the skin 3 a: to discount (a note) at an exorbitant rate b: deduct, reduce 4: to come close to or touch lightly in passing ~ vi 1: to cut off hair or beard close to the skin 2: to proceed with difficulty: scrape 2shave n (bef. 12c) 1: shaver 3 2: a thin slice: shaving 3: an act or process of shaving
embed 1 a: to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix b: to make something an integral part of c: to prepare (a microscopy specimen) for sectioning by infiltrating with and enclosing in a supporting substance 2: to surround closely ~ vi: to become embedded —— em.bed.ment n
3.【正确答案】B
【中文释义】
和吸气所需要的大量肌肉活动相比，呼气通常是一个消极被动的过程。
【解题分析】前后对立面转折，所以下文的呼气应该不需要肌肉的活动，强调了不需要自身肌肉参与的形容词为B，尽管有人感觉A也可以，但实际上，如果下文要强调呼气是个缓慢的过程，则和下文相对比的应该是大量肌肉活动就造成了吸气很快，而上文强调的是肌肉的参与，所以下文应对称地强调肌肉不参与。这样答案只有可能是B。
【重点词条】
substantial 1 a: consisting of or relating to substance b: not imaginary or illusory: real, true c: important, essential 2: ample to satisfy and nourish: full 3 a: possessed of means: well-to-do b: considerable in quantity: significantly great 4: firmly constructed: sturdy 5: being largely but not wholly that which is specified —— substantial n —— sub.stan.ti.al.i.ty n —— sub.stan.tial.ly adv —— sub.stan.tial.ness n
4.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】
关于高中生活的纪录片是如此的真实和勾人心弦，以至于怀旧的情绪淹没了大学年龄的观众。
【解题分析】 so…that…结构的结果是大学年龄的观众被激发出了怀旧的情绪，所以可得答案C，答案B的pitiful的含义是“令人同情的”，如果选B，那么结果就应该是产生同情心，而原文中是产生了怀旧的情绪，所以B并不正确。
【重点词条】
pitiful 1 archaic: full of pity: compassionate 2 a: deserving or arousing pity or commiseration b: exciting pitying contempt (as by meanness or inadequacy) —— piti.ful.ly adv —— piti.ful.ness n
evocative evoking or tending to evoke an esp. emotional response —— evoc.a.tive.ly adv —— evoc.a.tive.ness n
clinical 1: of, relating to, or conducted in or as if in a clinic: as a: involving direct observation of the patient b: diagnosable by or based on clinical observation 2: analytical or coolly dispassionate —— clin.i.cal.ly adv
5.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】
尽管乔治·奥凯夫以他对沙漠风光的熟悉最为有名，但他的城市主题作品证实了他长期居住在纽约。
【解题分析】 前后转折，上句是对沙漠的熟悉，所以下句应该肯定他在纽约的居住，这样就构成了“尽管住在大都市，却对沙漠风光很熟悉”这样的转折句。
【重点词条】
obfuscate 1 a: darken b: to make obscure 2: confuse —— ob.fus.ca.tion n —— ob.fus.ca.to.ry adj
attest 1 a: to affirm to be true or genuine; specif: to authenticate by signing as a witness b: to authenticate officially 2: to establish or verify the usage of 3: to be proof of: manifest 4: to put on oath ~ vi: to bear witness: testify <~ to a belief> syn see certify —— at.tes.ta.tion n —— at.test.er n
contend 1: to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties: struggle 2: to strive in debate: argue ~ vt 1: maintain, assert <~ed that he was right> 2: to struggle for: contest
6.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】
尽管这个研究被定性为交叉课程，它实际上并没有对课题的综合。
【解题分析】 前后转折，后文应该否定disciplinary这个词。
【重点词条】
encapsulate 1: to enclose in or as if in a capsule 2: epitomize, summarize <~ an era in an aphorism> ~ vi: to become encapsulated —— en.cap.su.la.tion n
designate 1: to indicate and set apart for a specific purpose, office, or duty <~ a group to prepare a plan> 2 a: to point out the location of b: to distinguish as to class c: specify, stipulate 3: denote 4: to call by a distinctive title, term, or expression —— des.ig.na.tive adj —— des.ig.na.tor n —— des.ig.na.to.ry adj
7.【正确答案】C
【中文释义】
很多精神治疗医生不能利用最前沿的研究结果，这可能应归因于这些发现结果过于专业化的性质：即使是重要的发现结果也可能是没有用的。
【解题分析】 冒号后表示重复，冒号后表达出这些结果没有用，而第一个空格要求填上治疗医生对这些结果没有做什么动作，事实上这些结果没有用当然就是指这些结果没有被治疗专家们要上，所以第一空格直接填使用就可以了。
【重点词条】
baffling 1: to defeat or check (as a person) by confusing or puzzling: disconcert 2: to check or break the force or flow of by or as if by a baffle syn see frustrate —— baf.fle.ment n —— baf.fler n —— baf.fling.ly adv 2baffle n (ca. 1900): a device (as a plate, wall, or screen) to deflect, check, or regulate flow (as of a fluid, light, or sound) —— baf.fled adj
envision to picture to oneself <~s a career dedicated to promoting peace> syn see think
accessible_ 1: providing access 2 a: capable of being reached <~ by rail>; also: being within reach b: easy to speak or deal with <~ people> 3: capable of being influenced: open 4: capable of being used or seen: available 5: capable of being understood or appreciated —— ac.ces.si.bil.i.ty n —— ac.ces.si.ble.ness n —— ac.ces.si.bly adv
96年4月Section 7
1.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】在十九世纪,小说家和没有同情心的旅行者将美国西部描绘成一块永远多灾多难的土地,而开发商和理想主义者们却创造出了极为吸引人的具有无穷无尽希望的土地的形象。
【解题分析】上下句分别是两种截然不同的人，所以尽管whereas不能表达对立面转折，但这两种相反的人都显然提示我们应挑选反义词，下句支持美国西部，认为其是一个充满无穷希望的土地，所以上句应为一个对等的反义词，即无穷灾难的土地。所以正确答案选E。
【重点词条】unremitting not remitting: constant, incessant —— un.re.mit.ting.ly adv
identical 1: being the same: selfsame 2: having such close resemblance as to be essentially the same <~ hats>——often used with to or with 3 a: having the same cause or origin <~ infections> b: monozygotic syn see same —— iden.ti.cal.ly adv —— iden.ti.cal.ness n
compelling 1: to drive or urge forcefully or irresistibly 2: to cause to do or occur by overwhelming pressure 3 archaic: to drive together syn see force —— com.pel.la.ble adj
underplay 1: to act or present (as a role or a scene) with restraint: play down 2: to play a card lower than (a held high card)
downplay play down, de-emphasize
2.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】蜜蜂比土蜂更有群居性：和后者不一样的是，前者一起寻找食物并且将它们个人的发现发信号给另外一个蜜蜂。
【解题分析】冒号后表示重复解释，后文的together等词汇显然是一再提示蜜蜂的群居性格。
【重点词条】insular 1 a: of, relating to, or constituting an island b: dwelling or situated on an island <~ residents> 2: characteristic of an isolated people; esp: being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint 3: of or relating to an island of cells or tissue —— in.su.lar.ism n —— in.su.lar.i.ty n —— in.su.lar.ly adv
social 1: involving allies or confederates 2 a: marked by or passed in pleasant companionship with one's friends or associates b: sociable c: of, relating to, or designed for sociability 3: of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual and the group, or the welfare of human beings as members of society <~ institutions> 4 a: tending to form cooperative and interdependent relationships with others of one's kind: gregarious b: living and breeding in more or less organized communities <~ insects> c of a plant: tending to grow in groups or masses so as to form a pure stand 5 a: of, relating to, or based on rank or status in a particular society b: of, relating to, or characteristic of the upper classes c: formal 2social n (1870): sociable
3.【正确答案】A
【中文释义】 乔以完全相同的力度谈及肤浅琐碎和生死攸关的事件，好象对他而言严重的问题和琐碎的问题没有什么区别。
【解题分析】请注意这一句的比较结构。上句用to the same degree 来表示同级比较，下句用mattered neither more or less than 来表示同级比较，所以就表现出了两套比较结构这种基本题型。此时比较双方不应发生变化，故第一个空格应填下文出现过的serious issues，第二个空格应填上文的superfluous。
【重点词条】 superficiality 1: the quality or state of being superficial 2: something superficial
humdrum monotonous, dull —— humdrum n
4.【正确答案】B
【中文释义】戴维斯的社会学研究的价值被地毫无顾忌地挑选材料的做法破坏了，他之所以这样做是为了证实自己的观点，同时忽略那些指向别的结论的事实。
【解题分析】while的前后为对比关系，通常我们又会主动地在while前后找反义词，这样就可以将不明确的对比关系进一步深化为对立面转折关系，此句的 while前后出现了一组反义词，his own claims和other possible conclusions。所以解题思路顿时就明快了，while 之前是use了那些支持his own claims 的材料，那么while之后就应该不使用那些支持other possible conclusions 的材料，所以第二个空格应与use反义，可得答案B。
【重点词条】unscrupulous not scrupulous: unprincipled —— un.scru.pu.lous.ly adv —— un.scru.pu.lous.ness n
deploy 1 a: to extend (a military unit) esp. in width b: to place in battle formation or appropriate positions 2: to spread out, utilize, or arrange esp. strategically ~ vi: to move in being deployed —— de.ploy.able adj —— de.ploy.ment n
5.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】一旦文艺复兴时期的画家们学会了如何表现深度和体积，他们就能够用更加真实可信的三维空间的图像来代替中世纪的象征的，二维空间的约定俗成的表现方法。
【解题分析】主句的动词为replace A with B，显然A和B应该是反义词，故第二个空格应与symbolic构成反义词，事实上two-dimensional space已经与actual space构成了一个明显的反义，与symbolic构成反义的有C和E两个答案，C答案导致前后文矛盾。
【重点词条】render 1 a: to melt down <~ suet>; also: to extract by melting <~ lard> b: to treat so as to convert into industrial fats and oils or fertilizer 2 a: to transmit to another: deliver b: give up, yield c: to furnish for consideration, approval, or information: as (1): to hand down (a legal judgment) (2): to agree on and report (a verdict) 3 a: to give in return or retribution b (1): give back, restore (2): reflect, echo c: to give in acknowledgment of dependence or obligation: pay d: to do (a service) for another 4 a (1): to cause to be or become: make <~ed him helpless> (2): impart b (1): to reproduce or represent by artistic or verbal means: depict (2): to give a performance of (3): to produce a copy or version of (4): to execute the motions of <~ a salute> c: translate 5: to direct the execution of: administer <~ justice> 6: to apply a coat of plaster or cement directly to ~ vi: to give recompense —— ren.der.able adj —— ren.der.er n 2render n (1647): a return esp. in goods or services due from a feudal tenant to his lord
convention 1 a: agreement, contract b: an agreement between states for regulation of matters affecting all of them c: a compact between opposing commanders esp. concerning prisoner exchange or armistice d: a general agreement about basic principles or procedures; also: a principle or procedure accepted as true or correct by convention 2 a: the summoning or convening of an assembly b: an assembly of persons met for a common purpose; esp: a meeting of the delegates of a political party for the purpose of formulating a platform and selecting candidates for office c: the usu. state or national organization of a religious denomination 3 a: usage or custom esp. in social matters b: a rule of conduct or behavior c: a practice in bidding or playing that conveys information between partners in a card game (as bridge) d: an established technique, practice, or device (as in literature or the theater)
adumbrate 1: to foreshadow vaguely: intimate 2 a: to give a sketchy representation or outline of b: to suggest or disclose partially 3: overshadow, obscure —— ad.um.bra.tion n —— ad.um.bra.tive adj —— ad.um.bra.tive.ly adv
6.【正确答案】E
【中文释义】他满以为自己会因为告密而受到感激，但实际上他遇到了的是近似于敌意的冷漠。
【解题分析】由but instead可以得出结论空格与gratitude 构成反义词；或者空格后的分隔结构同样构成一个解题方法，(bordering)与敌意态度最接近的当然是答案E的difference。
【重点词条】border 1: an outer part or edge 2: an ornamental design at the edge of a fabric or rug 3: a narrow bed of planted ground along the edge of a garden or walk 4: boundary 5: a plain or decorative margin around printed matter —— bor.dered adj 2border vb bor.dered ; bor.der.ing vt (14c) 1: to put a border on 2: to touch at the edge or boundary: bound <~s the city on the south> ~ vi 1: to lie on the border 2: to approach the nature of a specified thing: verge <~s on the ridiculous> —— bor.der.er n
openness 1: having no enclosing or confining barrier: accessible on all or nearly all sides 2 a (1): being in a position or adjustment to permit passage: not shut or locked (2): having a barrier (as a door) so adjusted as to allow passage b: having the lips parted c: not buttoned or zipped 3 a: completely free from concealment: exposed to general view or knowledge b: exposed or vulnerable to attack or question: subject <~ to doubt> 4 a: not covered with a top, roof, or lid b: having no protective covering <~ wiring> 5: not restricted to a particular group or category of participants <~ to the public> <~ housing>: as a: enterable by both amateur and professional contestants b: enterable by a registered voter regardless of political affiliation 6: fit to be traveled over: presenting no obstacle to passage or view <~ country> 7: having the parts or surfaces laid out in an expanded position: spread out: unfolded 8 a (1): low 13 (2): formed with the tongue in a lower position b (1): having clarity and resonance unimpaired by undue tension or constriction of the throat (2) of a tone: produced by an open string or on a wind instrument by the lip without the use of slides, valves, or keys 9 a: available to follow or make use of b: not taken up with duties or engagements c: not finally decided: subject to further consideration d: available for a qualified applicant: vacant e: remaining available for use or filling until canceled f: available for future purchase 10 a: characterized by ready accessibility and usu. generous attitude: as (1): generous in giving (2): willing to hear and consider or to accept and deal with: responsive (3): free from reserve or pretense: frank b: accessible to the influx of new factors (as foreign goods) 11 a: having openings, interruptions, or spaces: as (1): being porous and friable <~ soil> (2): sparsely distributed: scattered <~ population> (3) of a compound: having components separated by a space in writing or printing (as opaque pr adv —— open.ly adv —— open.ness n 2open vb opened ; open.ing vt (bef. 12c) 1 a: to move (as a door) from a closed position b: to make available for entry or passage by turning back (as a barrier) or removing (as a cover or an obstruction) 2 a: to make available for or active in a regular function <~ a new store> b: to make accessible for a particular purpose <~ed new land for settlement> <~ the way for changes> c: to initiate access to (a computer file) prior to use 3 a: to disclose or expose to view: reveal b: to make more discerning or responsive: enlighten c: to bring into view or come in sight of by changing position 4 a: to make an opening in <~ed the boil> b: to loosen and make less compact <~ the soil> 5: to spread out: unfold <~ed the book> 6 a: to enter upon: begin <~ed the meeting> b: to commence action in a card game by making (a first bid), putting a first bet in (the pot), or playing (a card or suit) as first lead 7: to restore or recall (as an order) from a finally determined state to a state in which the parties are free to prosecute or oppose ~ vi 1: to become open 2 a: to spread out: expand b: to become disclosed 3: to become enlightened or responsive 4: to give access 5: speak out 2 6 a: to begin a course or activity b: to make a bet, bid, or lead in commencing a round or hand of a card game —— open.abil.i.ty n —— open.able adj 3open n (13c) 1: opening 2: open and unobstructed space: as a: open air b: open water 3: an open contest, competition, or tournament 4: a public or unconcealed state or position
7．【正确答案】C
【中文释义】这位外交官，因为她在处理这种精微的谈判所表现出的耐心和技巧而被选拔出来，在谈判中拒绝做出任何决策，因为在那时候任何突然的承诺都是不恰当的。
【解题分析】这位外交官的特征性格已经在her demonstrated patience and skill中充分表现出来，对于一个有足够耐心的人而言sudden committen 当然是一个不好的做法，所以第二空格可以选A、C、D，再根据because 的因果关系可得答案C。
【重点词条】decline 1 archaic: to turn from a straight course: stray 2 a: to slope downward: descend b: to bend down: droop c: to stoop to what is unworthy 3 a of a celestial body: to sink toward setting b: to draw toward a close: wane 4: to tend toward an inferior state or weaker condition 5: to withhold consent 6: to become less in amount ~ vt 1: to give in prescribed order the grammatical forms of (a noun, pronoun, or adjective) 2 obs a: avert b: avoid 3: to cause to bend or bow downward 4 a: to refuse to undertake, undergo, engage in, or comply with b: to refuse esp. courteously <~ an invitation> —— de.clin.able adj —— de.clin.er n
syn decline, refuse, reject, repudiate, spurn mean to turn away by not accepting, receiving, or considering. decline often implies courteous refusal esp. of offers or invitations . refuse suggests more positiveness or ungraciousness and often implies the denial of something asked for . reject implies a peremptory refusal by sending away or discarding . repudiate implies a casting off or disowning as untrue, unauthorized, or unworthy of acceptance . spurn stresses contempt or disdain in rejection or repudiation . 2decline n (14c) 1: the process of declining: a: a gradual physical or mental sinking and wasting away b: a change to a lower state or level 2: the period during which something is deteriorating or approaching its end 3: a downward slope: declivity 4: a wasting disease; esp: pulmonary tuberculosis syn see deterioration
unconscionable 1: not guided or controlled by conscience: unscrupulous 2 a: excessive, unreasonable b: shockingly unfair or unjust <~ sales practices> —— un.con.scio.na.bil.i.ty n —— un.con.scio.na.ble.ness n —— un.con.scio.na.bly adv
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