Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of theirpeople depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralizedcontrol and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country¬ðs economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and ind
ustry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may coª²operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

¡¡¡¡73) Owing to the remarkable development in massª²communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for thereasons given above. At the same time. the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the farª²reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building

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