Narrator Now read the passage about animal domestication. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
Reading Time： 45 seconds
Animal Domestication
For thousands of years， humans have been able to domesticate， or tame， many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed， these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated.
A good indicator of an animal‘s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure， in which herd members follow a leader， are easy to domesticate， since a human can function as the “leader”。
Narrator
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in an ecology class.
[2 seconds]
Professor
So we‘ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication…… particularly animals that live together in herds. Now， if we take horses， for example…… in the wild， horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves， the dominant male leads， with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young， and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They’re “programmed” to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that， you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas——they don‘t fight off other herds that enter the same territory.
But it‘s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh， the antelope…… which…… well， antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses， a male antelope will fight
